Critical Incidents

A critical incident can be understood as any event that has a significant, often traumatic impact on the individuals directly involved or on the broader community. It is characterised by its suddenness, severity, and the requirement for an immediate response. In the context of psychology, the term often relates to incidents that have the potential to induce psychological trauma or stress, necessitating mental health interventions to aid in coping and recovery.

Examples of critical incidents may include:

• Sudden deaths (by accident, suicide or murder)
• Sudden accidents that may cause serious injury or death
• A missing staff member
• Severe verbal or psychological aggression
• Physical assaults
• Natural disasters
• Religious persecution
• Sexual assault
• Drug & Alcohol abuse

Critical incidents demand a structured and sensitive approach for management, including psychological support and, when necessary, intervention strategies to mitigate adverse effects on mental health. The primary objective is to restore a sense of safety, normalcy, and wellbeing among those affected.

Critical incidents can potentially cause trauma, or disorders such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). More complicated health problems could develop in someone who already has a pre-existing medical condition.

Depending on the type of incident, staff members may initially experience feelings of shock and disbelief. Later on, this may turn into:

• Not wanting to return to work
• Anxiety & depression
• Not wanting to perform the same duties as before
• Sleep problems
• Resignation
• Intense fear
• Presenteeism

In the context of critical incident debriefing, our psychologists play a pivotal role in facilitating the recovery process for individuals who have experienced or been exposed to traumatic events. The psychologist’s responsibilities include:

Assessment
Initially, the psychologist assesses the psychological impact of the incident on individuals and identifies those at risk of developing more severe psychological issues, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, or depression.

Individual and Group Debriefing Sessions
The psychologist conducts structured debriefing sessions, which are typically held soon after the incident. These sessions can be done in a group sessting, or individually, and are aimed at providing a safe and confidential environment where individuals can share their experiences, emotional responses, and reactions to the critical incident. The psychologist guides the conversation to help participants process the event and normalise their emotional responses.

Psychological Support
The psychologist offers psychological support and practical advice on coping strategies to manage stress and trauma symptoms. This support is crucial in helping individuals understand their reactions and learn how to cope with them effectively.

Follow-Up
The psychologist may provide follow-up support or referrals for individuals who require ongoing mental health care. This can include individual therapy, group therapy, or other mental health services tailored to the individual’s needs.

Education
Educating the affected individuals and the broader community about the typical psychological responses to trauma, stress management techniques, and the importance of self-care and seeking help when needed.

Crisis Intervention
In some cases, the psychologist may need to intervene to prevent harm to the individual or others, which could involve coordinating with other healthcare professionals or emergency services.

Evaluation & Improvement
Post-debriefing, the psychologist often evaluates the effectiveness of the intervention and identifies areas for improvement to enhance future response to critical incidents.

The ultimate goal of our psychologist in critical incident debriefing is to mitigate the short-term and long-term psychological impact of the event, promote resilience, and support the recovery of individuals and communities.